Biofuels are fuels of biological origin obtained naturally or from renewable organic waste. The greatest strength of biofuels is their potential to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.
Sources of biofuels is Natural Biomass, are occurring naturally in nature and is generated by natural pruning of a forest without human intervention. These elements are what initially used the man as a source of energy.
Dry residual biomass as the chip or sawdust product of forest clearing, forest residues, agricultural and agro-industrial waste or wood processing and Wet Waste Biomass comes from urban waste water, waste farmers and biodegradable industrial waste.
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Energy crops for heat production and biofuels such as sugar cane, maize, sorghum, cassava and others, is used to produce ethanol. It is also found in oils from palm, soybean, castor, Jatropha curcas, rapeseed and other plants used to produce biodiesel.
Biofuels are often mixed with other fuels in small quantities, 5 or 10%, providing a useful but limited reduction of greenhouse gases. In Europe and the United States, has introduced legislation requiring providers to mix biofuels to certain levels. This legislation has been copied by many other countries then believe that these fuels will help improve the planet through the reduction of gases that produce the so-called "Greenhouse Effect".
Biomass can replace gasoline or gasoline in any proportion and generate pollution.
Biodiesel, Bioethanol and Biogas
Biodiesel is a biofuel that is made from any animal fat or vegetable oils, which may already be used or not used. His collection is possible from more than 300 plant species, mainly seeds and fruits are usually used sunflower, canola, soy or jatropha, which, in some cases, are grown exclusively to produce it. It can be used pure or blended with diesel in any ratio in diesel engines.
Ethanol, also called biomass ethanol is an alcohol derived from corn, sorghum, sugar cane or beets. But those are not the only source of sugar.
Biogas, resulting from the fermentation of organic waste. This is an alternative fuel in the energy matrix of a country.
Alcohol, supplement for gasoline
The bio-alcohols used as an energy source are ethanol and methanol. The use of alcohol in engines as an alternative to gasoline is proposed, and was conducted on a large scale, following the energy crisis of the early seventies (Brazil was the country most dedicated resources), but the initial euphoria , its use gradually declined and, at present, are proposed as additives for gasoline and not as a substitute. For example, the fuel efficiency of cars on U.S., EU and Brazil, among other places, containing ethanol, but the amount generally does not exceed 10% of the total mixture.
According to experts, it is possible that an internal combustion engine, such as the one installed in cars today run on biofuel, although it should be qualified to peak performance is still limited to light-duty engines.
(E10), (B5), (B100) What do these acronyms?
These acronyms refer to the percentage and type of biofuel that is present in blends with gasoline or diesel from oil.
The first letter identifies the type of biofuel: (E) indicates that ethanol and (B) which is biodiesel. The number indicates the percentage of ethanol or biodiesel in the blend is (E10) means it is a fuel that contains 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline, (B5) indicates that contains 5% biodiesel and 95% of diesel .
The costs of these processes
The resulting cost of all these processes is still too high, which makes these oils themselves a product of time, very competitive in the market from an economic standpoint. However, thanks to declining costs of agricultural raw materials and improvements in processing technology, the costs could be reduced by 30% by 2010.
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